Gum Recession – Preserving Gum Health and Oral Function

Gum recession, also known as gingival recession, is the gradual loss of gum tissue that exposes tooth roots. This can increase sensitivity, risk of decay, and potential tooth loss. Because recession often progresses slowly, many individuals may not notice changes until they become visible.

Common Signs of Gum Recession

  • Tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods
  • Exposed tooth roots
  • Teeth appearing longer than before
  • Gum inflammation, bleeding, or bad breath

These signs may indicate bacterial presence or early periodontal disease that can affect gum and tooth health if untreated.

Causes of Gum Recession

Gum recession may result from multiple factors, including:

  • Gum disease such as gingivitis or periodontitis
  • Aggressive brushing or use of hard-bristled toothbrushes
  • Misaligned teeth or uneven bite forces
  • Grinding or clenching of teeth (bruxism)
  • Thin or fragile gum tissue (genetic predisposition)
  • Tobacco use, which reduces blood flow and slows healing
  • Trauma from habits, piercings, or improper brushing
  • Inadequate oral hygiene leading to plaque accumulation
  • Certain orthodontic movements

Diagnosis

A comprehensive periodontal evaluation assesses gum health and the extent of recession. Clinical measurements, visual inspection, and radiographs help identify contributing factors and guide treatment planning.

Treatment Approaches

Treatment is tailored to the cause and severity of the condition:

  • Modification of brushing habits: Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle techniques

  • Professional cleaning (prophylaxis): Removing plaque and bacteria from gum pockets

  • Scaling and root planing: Deep cleaning for significant tartar buildup or early periodontal disease

  • Restorative or cosmetic procedures: Rebuilding lost gum tissue to protect teeth and restore appearance

Gum Tissue Regeneration and Grafting

  • Gum tissue regeneration: Stimulates natural regrowth of gum and supporting bone tissue, particularly in cases with periodontal defects
  • Gum grafting: Restores gum coverage, improves tissue thickness, and protects exposed roots
  • Soft tissue grafting: Targets root coverage and soft tissue thickness using techniques such as:
    • Free gingival graft: Tissue from the roof of the mouth is placed on affected areas
    • Connective tissue graft: Subepithelial tissue is used for larger or more exposed areas, commonly for root coverage

Importance of Early Intervention

Gum recession is progressive. Early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and ongoing maintenance are essential to preserve gum health, protect teeth, and support oral function and help maintain a healthy appearance of teeth and gums.

 

Outcomes are individual and may vary according to each patient’s circumstances.

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